Surgical Ciliated Cysts in Orthognathic Surgery

Surgical ciliated cysts (SCC) are rare entities that were first described in the Japanese literature after treatment for chronic maxillary sinusitis. Classically associated with surgery to the maxillary sinus, they have also been reported in association with orthognathic surgery, bone grafting, and trauma. These lesions can develop from a few months up to several years after the surgical procedure. The authors report 2 new cases of SCC after a LeFort I osteotomy for class III dentofacial deformity correction. One of them presented with bilateral lesions and suffered from a recurrence after 5 years, 2 rare events associated with SCC.A review of the literature of the past 5 years was undertaken, in order to ascertain the reported time of follow-up and recurrence. A PubMed search retrieved a total of 15 articles with 17 cases reported. Nine cases were associated with orthognathic surgery, 4 with Caldwell-Luc procedures, 2 with sinus lift and 2 with trauma. The mean follow-up after removal of the SCC was of 8.6 months. Four cases did not specify the follow up time; 1 case was lost to follow-up. No relapses were reported.Like what happens with the primary lesion, a recurrence can take place several years after removal. It is the authors' opinion that adequate long-term follow-up must be granted for a timely diagnosis and treatment of relapsed SCC.