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Opioid Use and Total Joint Replacement.

Cade Shadbolt1, Chris Schilling1, Maria C Inacio2,3

  • 1Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preoperative opioid use in total joint replacement patients is linked to increased infection, revision, and complications. Further research is needed to understand and mitigate these risks for better surgical outcomes.

Keywords:
ComplicationsNarcoticsOpioidsSurgerySurgical outcomesTotal joint replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Preoperative opioid use is common in patients undergoing total joint replacement (TJR).
  • The impact of preoperative opioid use on TJR outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the association between preoperative opioid use and outcomes following total joint replacement.
  • To identify risks and potential mechanisms linking opioid use to adverse surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature.
  • Analysis of patient data regarding opioid use and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative opioid use correlates with higher infection rates, revision surgeries, and short-term complications.
  • Patients using opioids pre-surgery show less improvement in pain and function post-surgery.
  • Chronic opioid users face particularly pronounced risks.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid use may directly impact TJR outcomes via mechanisms like opioid-induced hyperalgesia and immunosuppression.
  • More high-quality clinical trials are essential to evaluate interventions for this high-risk group.
  • Observational studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these adverse outcomes.