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Related Concept Videos

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
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Functional Heterochain Polymers Constructed by Alkyne Multicomponent Polymerizations.

Xiaolin Liu1,2, Ting Han3, Jacky W Y Lam1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alkyne multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) enable the synthesis of novel heterochain polymers. This review highlights recent advances in these conjugated polymers, their unique properties, and high-tech applications.

Keywords:
alkyne polymerizationsfunctional polymersheterochain polymersmulticomponent polymerizations

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Heterochain polymers, vital in nature (e.g., DNA, proteins), are challenging to synthesize artificially.
  • Conventional polymerization methods have limitations for creating complex heterochain structures.
  • Alkyne multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) emerged as a powerful tool for synthesizing conjugated heterochain polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in heterochain polymer synthesis using alkyne-based MCPs.
  • To summarize the unique properties and applications of these novel polymers.
  • To discuss future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on alkyne-based multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs).
  • Reviews literature published in the last three years.
  • Analyzes the structural diversity and property-application relationships of synthesized polymers.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates the successful synthesis of diverse conjugated heterochain polymers via alkyne MCPs.
  • Highlights the significant impact of heteroatoms on polymer properties.
  • Showcases high-tech applications stemming from these advanced materials.

Conclusions:

  • Alkyne-based MCPs offer a versatile platform for creating advanced heterochain polymers.
  • These polymers exhibit unique properties suitable for various high-tech applications.
  • Further exploration of alkyne MCPs promises continued innovation in polymer science.