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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Mouse In Vivo Placental Targeted CRISPR Manipulation
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Pregnancy-associated changes in cervical noncoding RNA.

Kristin D Gerson1, Miriam J Haviland2, Dayna Neo2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maternal Child Health Research Center, Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Epigenomics
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy alters cervical noncoding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). These changes impact biological pathways crucial for normal pregnancy physiology.

Keywords:
cervixepigeneticsgene ontologylong noncoding RNAmicroRNAnoncoding RNApregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cervical noncoding RNA (ncRNA) roles in pregnancy are not well understood.
  • Pregnancy involves complex physiological adaptations, potentially influenced by ncRNA.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pregnancy-associated alterations in cervical ncRNA expression.
  • To identify specific miRNAs and lncRNAs differentially expressed during pregnancy.
  • To explore the potential biological functions of these altered ncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study design.
  • Analysis of cervical swabs from 21 pregnant women and 21 nonpregnant controls.
  • Quantitative assessment of miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA expression with Bonferroni correction.

Main Results:

  • Five miRNAs and three lncRNAs showed significant differential expression (>twofold change) in pregnant women.
  • Predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in organogenesis and cell adhesion.
  • Enrichment analysis indicated involvement in glucocorticoid signaling and ncRNA machinery.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy is associated with distinct changes in cervical ncRNA profiles.
  • Cervical miRNAs likely contribute to the biological processes of normal pregnancy.
  • Further research can elucidate the precise roles of these ncRNAs in reproductive health.