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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

17.3K
Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
6.0K
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

852
Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
852
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

40.2K
The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein
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Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein

Published on: December 3, 2010

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Bacterial multi-solute transporters.

Dirk J Slotboom1, Thijs W Ettema1, Mark Nijland1

  • 1Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

FEBS Letters
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial SbmA/BacA transporters move diverse molecules across membranes. A recent study reveals how their structure facilitates antibiotic import and discusses potential benefits of this multi-solute transport mechanism.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisABC transporterantibiotics uptakenon-specific uptaketransport mechanism

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Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Expression, Detergent Solubilization, and Purification of a Membrane Transporter, the MexB Multidrug Resistance Protein
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles
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Characterization of Membrane Transporters by Heterologous Expression in E. coli and Production of Membrane Vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The SbmA/BacA protein family comprises bacterial membrane transporters.
  • These transporters facilitate the uptake of various hydrophilic molecules, including antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides.
  • Some members are ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, while others are truncated, ATP-independent homologues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of multi-solute transport in the SbmA/BacA family.
  • To understand the mechanism of transport mediated by these proteins.
  • To explore the implications of their architecture for antibiotic import and physiological functions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a recent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Rv1819c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Comparative analysis of full-length and truncated SbmA/BacA family members.
  • Discussion of protein architecture and transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • A cryo-EM structure of Rv1819c provides insights into the structural basis for multi-solute transport.
  • The architecture of SbmA/BacA transporters appears to predispose them to inadvertent antibiotic import.
  • Both ATP-dependent and ATP-independent transport mechanisms are observed within the family.

Conclusions:

  • The structural insights into Rv1819c advance our understanding of bacterial multi-solute transporters.
  • The SbmA/BacA family's structure may contribute to antibiotic resistance or susceptibility in bacteria.
  • Further investigation is needed to determine the physiological roles of multi-solute transport in bacteria.