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Severe adenovirus pneumonia with hemophagocytic syndrome and respiratory failure

C La Fay1, E Bosdure1, M Baravalle-Einaudi1

  • 1Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Timone Children's Hospital, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|August 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Severe adenovirus pneumonia in an infant was unusually linked to hemophagocytic syndrome. Treatment involved cidofovir and ventilation, but resulted in chronic respiratory issues like bronchiectasis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Hematology-Oncology

Background:

  • Adenovirus infections can cause severe pneumonia in infants.
  • Hemophagocytic syndrome (HFS) is a rare but life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition.
  • Serotype 3 adenovirus is a known respiratory pathogen.

Observation:

  • An 18-month-old infant presented with severe pneumonia caused by serotype 3 adenovirus.
  • The pneumonia was exceptionally complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome.
  • The infant required mechanical ventilation for 13 days and treatment with cidofovir.

Findings:

  • Successful treatment of severe adenovirus pneumonia and associated hemophagocytic syndrome with cidofovir and mechanical ventilation.
  • Development of chronic respiratory insufficiency, including bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans, as a sequela.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for severe adenovirus pneumonia to trigger hemophagocytic syndrome in infants.
  • Underscores the risk of long-term pulmonary complications following severe viral pneumonia.
  • Suggests the need for vigilant monitoring for HFS in severe pediatric adenovirus cases and long-term respiratory follow-up.

Keywords:
AdenovirusBronchiectasisBronchiolitis obliteransChronic respiratory failureCidofovir

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