Outbreak of Trichophyton soudanense causing tinea capitis in an orphanage in Myanmar

Area of Science:

• Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Trichophyton soudanense is a dermatophyte primarily found in Africa.
• Tinea capitis and tinea corporis are superficial fungal infections affecting hair, skin, and nails.

Observation:

• An outbreak of tinea capitis and corporis occurred in an orphanage in Myanmar.
• Thirty children were affected, with potential exposure to stray dogs, complicating etiological diagnosis.
• Direct mycological examination revealed fungal filaments, but cultures were sterile.

Findings:

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of fungal DNA identified Trichophyton soudanense as the causative agent.
• This molecular method proved crucial for diagnosis when traditional culture methods failed.
• Successful treatment was achieved using terbinafine, with hygiene measures preventing reinfection.

Implications:

• This case report extends the known geographical distribution of Trichophyton soudanense to Asia.
• It highlights the diagnostic utility of PCR in identifying dermatophytes, especially in culture-negative cases.
• Effective management strategies include antifungal therapy and enhanced hygiene protocols.