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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Optimizing bacteriophage engineering through an accelerated evolution platform.

Andrew H Favor1,2, Carlos D Llanos1, Matthew D Youngblut1

  • 1Nextbiotics Inc., Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.

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|August 21, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically Accelerated Viral Evolution (CAVE) rapidly enhances bacteriophage stability for therapeutic use. This platform improves phage thermal resistance, offering a new tool for engineering these bacterial viruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates novel antimicrobial agents.
  • Bacteriophages are promising alternatives but face limitations due to structural fragility.
  • Therapeutic effectiveness is hindered by phage instability in high temperatures and acidic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel platform for rapid bacteriophage enhancement.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of chemically accelerated viral evolution (CAVE) in improving phage characteristics.
  • To provide insights into bacteriophage engineering for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the chemically accelerated viral evolution (CAVE) platform.
  • Iterative evolution process to enhance desired bacteriophage traits.
  • Analysis of mutation patterns resulting from CAVE to understand functional changes.

Main Results:

  • CAVE successfully conferred significant improvements in bacteriophage thermal stability.
  • The platform demonstrated robustness and effectiveness in rapid trait enhancement.
  • Identified specific genetic modifications responsible for enhanced phage functionality.

Conclusions:

  • CAVE is an effective method for rapidly engineering bacteriophages with improved stability.
  • Understanding mutation patterns provides a roadmap for targeted bacteriophage modification.
  • This approach holds potential for overcoming limitations in phage-based therapies.