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Use of bilevel positive pressure ventilation in patients with bronchiolitis

Elise Delacroix1, Anne Millet1, Isabelle Pin2

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|August 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in infants with severe bronchiolitis was associated with longer intensive care unit stays and noninvasive ventilation duration. However, BiPAP did not increase the need for endotracheal intubation.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Severe bronchiolitis is a common cause of respiratory distress in infants.
  • Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) strategies, including BiPAP, are used to manage respiratory failure in infants.
  • The optimal NIV approach for severe bronchiolitis remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the utilization of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in infants diagnosed with severe bronchiolitis.
  • To investigate the association between BiPAP use and patient outcomes in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, single-center study was conducted from October 2013 to April 2016.
  • Infants aged 1 day to 6 months admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with bronchiolitis requiring NIV were included.
  • Data on respiratory support, including BiPAP, were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Out of 252 infants, 110 (44%) received BiPAP upon PICU admission. Preterm infants were more frequently supported by BiPAP.
  • BiPAP use was linked to a longer duration of NIV and a longer PICU length of stay.
  • No complications related to NIV were reported. Hospital length of stay did not differ between groups.

Conclusions:

  • While BiPAP use in infants with severe bronchiolitis was not associated with endotracheal intubation, it correlated with extended PICU stays and NIV duration.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize NIV strategies for severe bronchiolitis.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute respiratory failurebronchiolitischildrenhigh flow nasal cannulanoninvasive ventilation

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