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Paediatric Head Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury.

E Ryan1,2, T Bolger1, M J Barrett3,4,5

  • 1Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin.

Irish Medical Journal
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Head injuries account for 5.9% of paediatric emergency department visits, with falls being the most common cause. Many young children present with head injuries, requiring significant medical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Head injuries are a common reason for pediatric emergency department (PED) visits.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and characteristics of pediatric head injuries is crucial for resource allocation and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of head injuries presenting to national PEDs.
  • To characterize these presentations by demographics, triage category, disposition, neuroimaging use, and re-attendance rates.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of patient presentations with head injury diagnoses from 2014-2015 across all national PEDs.
  • Inclusion criteria: head injury, intracranial bleed, skull fracture, and re-attendances within 28 days.
  • Data collected included demographics, triage score, imaging rates, admissions, injury mechanisms, and re-attendance rates.

Main Results:

  • Head injury was diagnosed in 5.9% (13,392/224,860) of pediatric presentations, with a median age of 3.9 years.
  • Falls were the predominant mechanism (12.2% attributed to sports).
  • 10.8% were admitted/transferred, and 4.3% underwent neuroimaging, with observational management often favored.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 1 in 20 children presenting to PEDs have a head injury, predominantly affecting preschool-aged children.
  • A significant proportion of head injuries present with concerning symptoms, necessitating admission, transfer, imaging, or re-attendance.
  • The data suggest a preference for observational management over routine neuroimaging in pediatric head injury cases.