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Polyampholyte-Based Synthetic Chaperone Modulate Amyloid Aggregation and Lithium Delivery.

Lakshmi Priya Datta1, Sourav Samanta1, Thimmaiah Govindaraju1

  • 1Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and The School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P. O., Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel polyampholyte, PTMA, as a synthetic chaperone that prevents protein misfolding and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. PTMA also delivers lithium, offering a potential dual-action therapy for AD.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseProtein aggregationcombination therapylithium deliverypolyampholytesynthetic chaperone

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Protein misfolding and amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation are central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • Current therapeutic strategies often fail, necessitating novel approaches for AD treatment.
  • Polyampholytes show promise as artificial protein mimics for modulating protein aggregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel polyampholyte, PTMA, for potential AD therapy.
  • To evaluate PTMA's efficacy as a synthetic chaperone against protein aggregation.
  • To investigate PTMA's capacity for lithium delivery for combinational AD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to synthesize the PTMA diblock copolymer.
  • PTMA's chaperone-like activity was assessed using heat-induced lysozyme aggregation models.
  • Amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation modulation and neuronal cell rescue were evaluated.
  • Lithium ion sequestration and release under varying pH conditions were studied.

Main Results:

  • PTMA demonstrated synthetic chaperone activity, protecting lysozyme structure against heat-induced aggregation.
  • PTMA effectively modulated Aβ aggregation and rescued neuronal cells from aggregation-induced toxicity.
  • The PTMA polyampholyte selectively sequesters and releases lithium ions in response to pH changes relevant to neuropathology.
  • These findings highlight PTMA's potential as a dual-function therapeutic agent for AD.

Conclusions:

  • PTMA functions as an effective synthetic chaperone and an aggregation modulator for Alzheimer's disease.
  • PTMA serves as a pH-responsive carrier for lithium, enabling targeted delivery.
  • This polyampholyte presents a promising strategy for combinational therapy in Alzheimer's disease treatment.