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Related Concept Videos

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
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Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

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3D COMBO chrRNA-DNA-ImmunoFISH.

Federica Marasca1, Alice Cortesi1,2, Beatrice Bodega3

  • 1Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", INGM, Milan, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D imaging method to explore epigenetic regulation in human T cells. The technique visualizes interactions between RNA, DNA, and nuclear structure to uncover gene expression mechanisms.

Keywords:
3D COMBO RNA-DNA-Immuno FISH3D genome organizationChromatin associated RNAsEpigeneticsHuman primary T cellsTransposable elements

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Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression stability and environmental responsiveness.
  • Nuclear architecture and noncoding RNAs play crucial roles in regulating transcription.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering gene expression machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an advanced imaging-based method for studying epigenetic regulation.
  • To investigate the interplay between chromatin-associated RNAs, genomic loci, and nuclear architecture.
  • To analyze these interactions within human primary T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 3D COMBO chrRNA-DNA-ImmunoFISH protocol.
  • Preservation of nuclear integrity and topology in human primary T cells.
  • Imaging-based approach to visualize molecular interactions.

Main Results:

  • The proposed method allows for the study of reciprocal interactions between RNA, DNA, and chromatin compartments.
  • The protocol preserves the native 3D nuclear structure essential for epigenetic regulation.
  • Successful application in human primary T cells.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D COMBO chrRNA-DNA-ImmunoFISH protocol is a valuable tool for epigenetic studies.
  • This method can enhance understanding of T cell subset-specific epigenetic regulation.
  • Potential to reveal novel epigenetic players driving T cell plasticity and function.