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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Early Postnatal Discharge for Infants: A Meta-analysis.

Eleanor Jones1, Beck Taylor2, Christine MacArthur2

  • 1Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and e.jones.10@bham.ac.uk.

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|August 23, 2020
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Summary

Early postnatal discharge increases infant readmission risk. However, implementing minimum hospital stay policies significantly reduces neonatal readmissions over time, improving infant outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Public health policy
  • Evidence-based practice

Background:

  • International trend towards shorter postnatal hospital stays.
  • Lack of evidence-based policies to guide earlier infant discharge.
  • Need to assess the impact of early discharge on infant health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of early postnatal discharge on infant outcomes.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and interrupted time series (ITS) studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across multiple databases (CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, SCI) up to January 2018.
  • Inclusion of studies meeting Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria.
  • Meta-analyses of RCTs using random effects models and reanalysis of ITS data.

Main Results:

  • Infants discharged early (<48 hours vaginal, <96 hours cesarean) had higher readmission rates within 28 days (RR 1.70).
  • Introduction of minimum postnatal stay policies correlated with a long-term reduction in neonatal readmissions.
  • ITS meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in readmissions following policy implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Early postnatal discharge is associated with an increased risk of infant readmission within 28 days.
  • Minimum length of stay policies effectively reduce neonatal hospital readmission rates in the long term.
  • Policy interventions are crucial for optimizing infant outcomes following birth.