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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis masquerading as a functioning adrenocortical malignancy: a case report.

Kalkunte Sriram Jayanth1, S Balamurugan1, Sathasivam Sureshkumar1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.

Tumori
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis (XA), a rare inflammatory condition, can mimic adrenal cancer. This case highlights XA presenting as a functioning adrenal mass, emphasizing the need for surgical intervention and antibiotics for successful treatment.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusXanthogranulomaadrenal malignancyadrenalitisfunctioning adrenal tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Xanthogranulomatous adrenalitis (XA) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the adrenal glands.
  • XA often presents with clinical and radiological features similar to adrenal neoplasms.
  • This is the first reported case of XA presenting as a functioning adrenal mass.

Observation:

  • A 52-year-old man presented with symptoms of flank pain, fever, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
  • Imaging revealed a large right adrenal mass with extensive local invasion.
  • Biochemical tests showed elevated cortisol levels, leading to hyperglycemia and complications like vitreous hemorrhages.

Findings:

  • The adrenal mass was associated with methicillin-sensitive *Staphylococcus aureus* infection.
  • Histopathology confirmed xanthogranulomatous inflammation involving the adrenal gland and surrounding structures.
  • The patient underwent radical adreno-nephrectomy and recovered well with improved glycemic control.

Implications:

  • XA can mimic functioning adrenocortical carcinoma, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Diagnosis is often confirmed postoperatively through histopathology.
  • Management involves surgical excision and targeted antibiotic therapy based on culture results.