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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR-based Shuttle Cloning: A High-throughput Cloning Method
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Sharing the CRISPR Toolbox with an Expanding Community.

Caroline M LaManna1, Brook Pyhtila1, Rodolphe Barrangou2

  • 1Addgene, Watertown, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.

The CRISPR Journal
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR technology, including Cas9 and newer base/prime editing tools, has revolutionized genome editing. Addgene

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Gene Editing Technologies

Background:

  • CRISPR-based technologies have driven a global genome editing revolution over the last 8 years.
  • CRISPR systems utilize Cas molecular machines (e.g., Cas9, Cas12, Cas13) to modify the genome, transcriptome, and epigenome.
  • Technological advancements have increased the efficiency and precision of CRISPR tools, leading to functional diversification like base and prime editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the ongoing adoption of CRISPR tools and constructs from Addgene.
  • To highlight global demand trends for CRISPR technologies.
  • To examine the impact of open-sharing attitudes on scientific acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CRISPR tool adoption and distribution data from Addgene.

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  • Review of scientific literature and market trends related to CRISPR technologies.
  • Qualitative assessment of the influence of open science principles on research speed.

    • Main Results:

    • Continued widespread adoption of CRISPR tools and constructs distributed by Addgene.
    • Increasing global demand for a diverse CRISPR toolbox, including base and prime editing.
    • Positive correlation between open sharing of resources and accelerated scientific progress.

    Conclusions:

    • CRISPR technology continues its rapid expansion, with significant contributions from organizations like Addgene.
    • The evolution of CRISPR tools towards greater precision and specialization is meeting growing research demands.
    • A cultural shift towards open sharing is a key factor in accelerating scientific discovery in genome editing.