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Osmoregulation in Fishes

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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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Thermoregulation01:26

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Thermal Limits Determination for Zooplankton Using a Heat Block
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Thermoregulation in fish.

Martin Haesemeyer1

  • 1The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Columbus, OH, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|August 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fish use behavioral strategies for thermoregulation, sensing temperature via skin neurons. Neural circuits transform temperature sensation into behaviors like altering swim vigor and turning.

Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Thermoregulation is essential for animal survival.
  • Ectothermic fish rely on behavioral strategies for thermoregulation.
  • Fish sense temperature via skin-innervating neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on fish thermoregulation.
  • To highlight open questions in fish thermoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on fish thermoregulation.
  • Focus on neural circuits transforming temperature sensation into behavior.

Main Results:

  • Fish exhibit thermal navigation by adjusting behavior based on experienced temperatures.
Keywords:
BehaviorCircuitEthologyFishThermoregulationZebrafish

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  • Thermoregulatory strategies involve modulating swim vigor and turning in response to temperature.
  • Temperature preferences are influenced by environmental cues and internal states.
  • Conclusions:

    • Neural circuits in fish transform temperature sensation into thermoregulatory behaviors.
    • Understanding fish thermoregulation offers insights into behavioral plasticity and environmental adaptation.