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Updated: Dec 11, 2025
An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Published on: December 10, 2013
[Acute viral bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis in children]
Christina Schorlemer1, Ernst Eber1
1Klinische Abteilung für Pädiatrische Pulmonologie und Allergologie, Univ.-Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, 8036 Graz, Österreich.
Insights
Acute viral bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis are common in young children, often caused by respiratory syncytial virus. Diagnosis relies on history and physical exam, with supportive care recommended over routine medications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Respiratory Medicine
Context:
- Acute viral bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis are highly prevalent in infants and preschool children.
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinoviruses are primary causative agents.
- Risk factors for severe disease include prematurity, environmental tobacco smoke, and immune system disorders.
Purpose:
- To review the diagnosis and management of acute viral bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis in pediatric populations.
- To differentiate between recommended and non-recommended therapeutic interventions.
- To discuss the role of pharmacologic treatments in preventing long-term respiratory conditions.
Summary:
- Diagnosis is typically achieved through clinical history and physical examination, negating the routine need for chest X-rays or laboratory tests.
- Supportive care, including adequate oxygenation and hydration, is the cornerstone of acute bronchiolitis management.
- Short-acting beta-2 agonists are indicated for wheezy bronchitis, with inhaled corticosteroids considered for recurrent or severe cases; however, no pharmacologic treatment prevents asthma development.
Impact:
- Provides evidence-based guidance for clinicians managing common pediatric respiratory infections.
- Emphasizes the importance of supportive care and judicious use of medications.
- Clarifies the limitations of current pharmacologic interventions in preventing the progression to asthma.
Abstract:
Acute viral bronchiolitis and wheezy bronchitis are very common disorders in infants and preschool children. They are caused by viruses, particularly by respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses. Risk factors for severe disease include premature birth, tobacco smoke exposure and immune dysfunctions. Patient history and a physical examination are sufficient to establish a diagnosis; chest X-ray and laboratory investigations are not routinely necessary. For acute bronchiolitis, many treatment options have been suggested but only supportive measures, such as minimal handling, securing adequate oxygenation and hydration are generally recommended. Antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids und leukotriene receptor antagonists are not routinely recommended. Short-acting beta-2 agonists are the first choice for the treatment of wheezy bronchitis. Inhaled corticosteroids may be tried to control symptoms in children with frequently recurring and/or severe episodes of wheezy bronchitis. The development of bronchial asthma, however, cannot be prevented by any pharmacologic tretament.
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