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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

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Opportunity Costs Pacifism.

James Pattison¹

¹Department of Politics, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, 4.052, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.

Law and Philosophy

|August 25, 2020

Summary

War

Area of Science:

Moral Philosophy
Ethics
Political Philosophy

Background:

Just War Theory and pacifism traditionally overlook the ethical implications of war's opportunity costs.
The reallocation of resources from warfare to life-saving initiatives presents a significant ethical dilemma.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and analyze 'Opportunity Costs Pacifism' as a novel ethical framework.
To determine the justification of war when considering the potential lives saved by alternative resource allocation.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of ethical theories.
Exploration of the philosophical underpinnings of pacifism and Just War Theory.
Argumentation regarding the conditions under which war may be justified.

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Main Results:

Opportunity Costs Pacifism is found to be a compelling ethical stance at an ideal theoretical level.
The practical applicability of Opportunity Costs Pacifism is limited to highly nonideal circumstances.

Conclusions:

War can only be justified in highly nonideal circumstances when considering opportunity costs.
This framework necessitates a re-evaluation of traditional Just War Theory and pacifist arguments.