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Working time limits at sea, a hundred-year construction.
1World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden.
Marine Policy
|August 25, 2020
Summary
Maritime labor regulations evolved from the 8-hour workday standard to a 14-hour workday, prioritizing industry interests over universal labor rights for sea workers.
Area of Science:
- Maritime Law
- Labor History
- International Governance
Background:
- The International Labour Organization (ILO) established the 8-hour workday and 48-hour workweek in 1919.
- Integrating these standards for sea workers proved challenging due to industry opposition and technical requirements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the historical evolution of working time regulations for maritime workers.
- To examine the divergence between land-based and sea-based labor standards.
- To understand the influence of sectoral interests on labor rights.
Main Methods:
- Historical analysis of International Labour Organization (ILO) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions.
- Examination of regulatory shifts from 1920 to 2007.
- Comparative analysis of maritime and land-based working time standards.
Main Results:
- Early ILO attempts (1920-1958) to enforce an 8-hour workday for sea workers failed due to opposition and tonnage requirements.
- A later regulatory approach (1995-2007) by the IMO, focused on fatigue management, led to the adoption of a 14-hour workday.
- This 14-hour standard was facilitated by autonomous maritime governance and the inclusion of tonnage clauses, despite diverging from universal labor principles.
Conclusions:
- Sectoral interests in the maritime industry have superseded universal labor rights.
- Current maritime working time standards prioritize industry needs over fundamental worker protections.
- The evolution of maritime labor law demonstrates a detachment of labor rights from human nature and a direct attachment to sectoral demands.
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