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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research
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Personalized Immuno-Oncology.

Kewal K Jain1

  • 1Jain PharmaBiotech, Basel, Switzerland, jain@pharmabiotech.ch.

Medical Principles and Practice : International Journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre
|August 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system to fight tumors. Advances in diagnostics, cell therapies like CAR-T, and targeted drug delivery are key to tailoring treatments for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Cell-based immune therapiesImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmuno-oncologyImmunogene therapyPersonalized cancer vaccinesPersonalized oncologyPrecision oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy aims to control the immune system against cancer but requires personalization due to patient-specific immune inhibition.
  • Current immunotherapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), cell therapy, immunogene therapy, and vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the necessity and advancements in personalized immuno-oncology for effective cancer management.
  • To discuss the role of biomarkers, diagnostics, and novel therapeutic technologies in tailoring cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and emerging cancer immunotherapy strategies, including drug combinations and cell-based therapies.
  • Exploration of enabling technologies such as molecular diagnostics, genomic profiling, and targeted drug delivery systems.
  • Discussion of gene-editing tools for enhancing cell therapy efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Personalized immuno-oncology requires integrating multiple technologies for optimal patient-specific treatment selection.
  • Genomic profiling, particularly tumor mutational burden, can enhance PD-L1 expression's predictive value for combination immunotherapy.
  • Novel technologies like antigen-capturing nanoparticles and chimeric antigen receptors-T (CAR-T) cells offer precision and improved antigen recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized immuno-oncology represents a highly promising strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Integration of advanced diagnostics, targeted therapies, and gene-editing technologies is crucial for optimizing personalized cancer immunotherapy.
  • CAR-T cell therapy and gene-editing tools show significant potential for overcoming treatment barriers and improving patient outcomes.