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4D Printing: A Review on Recent Progresses.

Honghui Chu1, Wenguang Yang1, Lujing Sun1

  • 1School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.

Micromachines
|August 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four-dimensional (4D) printing, an advancement of 3D printing, creates dynamic structures that change over time in response to stimuli. This review covers 4D printing technologies, materials, and applications, highlighting future directions.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingfour-dimensional (4D) printingshape memory polymersmart materials

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Area of Science:

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Materials Science
  • Smart Materials

Background:

  • Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, has become widespread but produces static objects.
  • Four-dimensional (4D) printing builds upon 3D printing to create dynamic structures.
  • These 4D printed objects can alter their shape, size, or properties when exposed to external stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in 4D printing technology.
  • To explore various aspects of 4D printing, including methods, materials, and applications.
  • To identify current challenges and future prospects in the field of 4D printing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of additive manufacturing technologies applicable to 4D printing.
  • Analysis of different external stimuli (e.g., temperature, light, pH) used in 4D printing.
  • Compilation of studies on novel materials designed for 4D printing applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing 4D printing techniques and materials.
  • Diverse applications are emerging across various fields, leveraging the transformative capabilities of 4D printed objects.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, with ongoing research addressing limitations and expanding possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • 4D printing represents a significant evolution from traditional 3D printing, enabling adaptive and responsive structures.
  • Continued research into materials, stimuli, and manufacturing processes will drive innovation and broaden the impact of 4D printing.
  • Addressing current challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of 4D printing in future applications.