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Related Concept Videos

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Human Germline Genome Editing, 10 Years On.

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Responsible Translational Pathways for Germline Gene Editing?

Bryan Cwik1

  • 1Philosophy and University Studies, Portland State University, Fourth Ave Building Suite 175, 1900 SW 4th Ave, Portland, OR 97201 USA.

Current Stem Cell Reports
|August 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Advancements in gene editing necessitate addressing ethical concerns for human germline gene editing. Responsible development requires tackling complex issues for justifiable clinical applications.

Keywords:
Clinical utilityEthicsGene editingGermlineHuman subjects researchReproductive medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioethics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene editing technologies are advancing, making clinical applications of germline gene editing a possibility.
  • An unethical experiment in 2018 involving edited embryos highlighted urgent ethical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the ethical issues surrounding translational pathways for human germline gene editing.
  • To chart responsible approaches for the clinical application of germline gene editing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on the development of clinical applications of germline gene editing.
  • Analysis of emerging ethical challenges and key issues.

Main Results:

  • A growing body of literature addresses clinical applications of germline gene editing.
  • Key ethical issues are emerging as significant challenges for responsible translation.

Conclusions:

  • Outstanding ethical questions regarding clinical utility, justification, and human subjects research remain.
  • Addressing these ethical questions will guide researchers and clinicians toward justifiable applications.