[Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-associated encephalomyelitis]

The article discusses the role of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Clinical phenotypes of demyelinating syndromes associated with MOG-IgG that are currently included into neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are described. However, it has been shown that encephalomyelitis associated with MOG-IgG (MOG-EM) has certain clinical, radiological, immunological and histopathological features that make it possible to single out these syndromes into a separate nosological form. We provide International recommendations that establish indications for testing MOG-IgG using cell-based assay. We discuss epidemiological issues and classification challenges of the disease. Various approaches to treatment and prevention of relapses of MOG-EM are analyzed.