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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers
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Serial synchrotron crystallography for time-resolved structural biology.

Arwen R Pearson1, Pedram Mehrabi2

  • 1Institute for Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, CFEL, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany.

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Time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography enables studying slower biological dynamics (μs-s) in microcrystals. This technique complements X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) experiments for macromolecular systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Crystallography
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) provide state-of-the-art time-resolved data.
  • Many macromolecular systems exhibit biological interest in slower dynamics (microseconds to seconds).
  • Synchrotron radiation sources are well-suited for studying these slower dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the suitability of synchrotron-based experiments for time-resolved studies of slower biological dynamics.
  • To emphasize the advancements in microfocus X-ray beams and sample delivery platforms.
  • To discuss the development of dedicated endstations for time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing microfocus X-ray beams at synchrotron sources.
  • Employing advanced sample delivery platforms for microcrystals.
  • Performing time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography.

Main Results:

  • Millisecond time-resolved experiments are now feasible at microfocus macromolecular crystallography beamlines.
  • Synchrotron-based experiments are effective for macromolecular systems with slower dynamics.
  • Development of dedicated endstations is advancing the field.

Conclusions:

  • Time-resolved serial synchrotron crystallography is a viable technique for studying slow biological dynamics.
  • This method complements XFEL capabilities, expanding the scope of time-resolved structural biology.
  • Advancements in technology are making routine time-resolved studies more accessible.