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The Enigma of Endothelium in COVID-19

Savneet Kaur1, Dinesh M Tripathi1, Angeera Yadav2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Frontiers in Physiology
|August 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The endothelium, especially in the lungs, plays a critical role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Understanding this endothelium-based mechanism may lead to new biomarkers and treatments for severe COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents with diverse clinical manifestations, from mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure.
  • A dysregulated host immune response is implicated in COVID-19 mortality.
  • Current research aims to elucidate COVID-19's underlying mechanisms for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a significant role for the endothelium, particularly the pulmonary endothelium, in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
  • To compare and contrast COVID-19-induced respiratory distress with bacterial sepsis-induced lung injury.
  • To suggest future research directions for identifying endothelium-based biomarkers and treatments for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • This perspective synthesizes existing research on COVID-19 and related conditions.
  • It draws parallels and divergences between COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis regarding lung injury mechanisms.
  • It focuses on the endothelial contribution to disease pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • The pulmonary endothelium is proposed as a key player in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Similarities and differences between COVID-19 and sepsis-induced lung injury are highlighted.
  • The study identifies potential avenues for future research.

Conclusions:

  • The endothelium, especially pulmonary endothelium, is central to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Understanding endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Further investigation into endothelium-based biomarkers and therapies is warranted.

Keywords:
COVID-19coagulationendothelial dysfunctioninflammationpathogenesis and diagnosisvascular biologyviral sepsis

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