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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

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Maternal Immunization: Nature Meets Nurture.

Anja Saso1,2, Beate Kampmann1,2

  • 1Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization safely transfers antibodies to infants, offering crucial protection against infections during early life. This review explores the science behind this protective "gift of nature" and future research directions.

Keywords:
antibodybreast milkinfant immunitymaternal immunizationneonateplacentavaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Maternal immunization is a key strategy to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
  • Antibodies are transferred from mother to infant via the placenta or breast milk, providing passive immunity.
  • Infants are particularly vulnerable to infections in the first few months of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rationale and current landscape of maternal immunization programs.
  • To explore the biological mechanisms of maternal antibody transfer and its impact on infant immunity.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research for optimizing maternal vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on maternal immunization.
  • Discussion of immunological mechanisms of antibody transfer.
  • Exploration of research models and systems vaccinology approaches.

Main Results:

  • Maternal immunization provides passive, antigen-specific protection to infants.
  • Antibody transfer occurs efficiently across the placenta and in breast milk.
  • High maternal antibody titers can influence neonatal immune development and infant vaccine responses.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a vital public health intervention.
  • Further research is needed to understand antibody transfer dynamics and optimize vaccine strategies.
  • Implementation of maternal vaccination programs requires careful consideration of vaccine and host factors.