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Expanding the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Universe: An Update on MAP4Ks
Lixia Pan1,2, Ive De Smet1,2
1Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Abstract:
Phosphorylation-mediated signaling cascades control plant growth and development or the response to stress conditions. One of the best studied signaling cascades is the one regulated by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MAPKs). However, MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASEs (MAP4Ks) are hardly explored. Here, we will give a comprehensive overview of what is known about plant MAP4Ks and highlight some outstanding questions associated with this largely uncharacterized class of kinases in plants.
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