Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The TaMYB55-TaSnRK1α1-TabZIP9 module confers heat stress tolerance in wheat.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Dysregulated 3'-end processing of 18S pre-rRNA decreases mtPNPase efficiency in plant mitochondria.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Stomata in motion: How temperature shapes guard cell function and developmental plasticity.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Genetic analyses of autoimmune mutants uncover the MPK3/6-CHR5-SNC1 module in Arabidopsis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Decoding Plant Metabolism.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

Ancestral and divergent roles of the Marchantia polymorpha ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA AND RAD3-RELATED kinase in maintaining genome integrity and clonal fitness.

The Plant cell·2026
Same journal

The BRCA1-A complex restricts replication fork reversal-dependent DNA repair in ATM deficient cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Click-polymerized polyenamine membranes for efficient lithium extraction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

metilene<sup>3</sup>: identifying DMRs across multiple conditions with auto-classification.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
09:50

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

A sequential MAP kinase cascade regulates mechanical signalling.

Huy Cuong Tran1, Essam Darwish1,2, Viktor Johansson1

  • 1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Nature Communications
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants utilize Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) to respond to touch and wounding. This study identifies a key MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade crucial for plant stress responses and growth.

More Related Videos

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro
09:50

A Simplified System for Evaluating Cell Mechanosensing and Durotaxis In Vitro

Published on: August 27, 2015

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Plant Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plants possess sophisticated mechanisms to perceive and respond to mechanical stimuli for survival.
  • Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are known to be activated by mechanostimulation, but their upstream regulation and precise roles remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the upstream regulatory mechanisms and functional significance of MAPK signaling in response to mechanical stimuli in plants.
  • To identify the specific MAPK cascade involved in early touch and wounding responses.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the activation of the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade upon mechanostimulation.
  • Analyzed gene expression changes and protein phosphorylation patterns in response to touch.
  • Utilized genetic mutants (loss of MKK4/5, MAPKKK3/4/5) to assess functional roles in thigmomorphogenesis and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Mechanostimulation rapidly activates the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade within seconds, inducing approximately 800 genes involved in early touch responses.
  • A significant overlap was observed between MAPK-regulated genes and those controlled by CAMTA transcription factors, indicating pathway crosstalk.
  • Loss of MKK4/5 function globally impaired touch-regulated protein phosphorylation, confirming their critical regulatory role.
  • The identified MAPK cascade's activation was largely independent of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in the early stages.
  • Disruption of the MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade reduced thigmomorphogenesis, highlighting its importance in stress-induced growth modulation.

Conclusions:

  • A MAPKKK3/4/5-MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade is identified as a pivotal signaling pathway in plants for responding to touch and wounding.
  • This MAPK cascade plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, protein phosphorylation, and growth responses to mechanical stress.
  • The findings reveal an interplay between MAPK signaling and CAMTA transcription factors in mediating plant mechanosensory responses.