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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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[PLASTIC SURGERY - RESTORING CONTOUR, FUNCTION AND HAPPINESS].

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  • 1Plastic Surgery Unit, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel. Affiliated with The Technion, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The history of plastic surgery traces back to ancient India and Sir Harold Delf Gillies. These pioneers laid the foundation for modern reconstructive and cosmetic procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical History
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • The Sushruta Samhita, dating to 6th century BC India, represents an early milestone in surgical knowledge.
  • Sir Harold Delf Gillies is recognized as the father of modern plastic surgery for his World War I contributions.

Observation:

  • Ancient surgical texts provide foundational principles.
  • World War I necessitated significant advancements in reconstructive surgery.

Findings:

  • The Sushruta Samhita details procedures relevant to plastic surgery.
  • Sir Harold Delf Gillies' work revolutionized reconstructive techniques.

Implications:

  • Understanding historical contributions enhances appreciation for plastic surgery's evolution.
  • Pioneering efforts continue to shape contemporary surgical practices.