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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Decreasing iron susceptibility with temperature in quantitative susceptibility mapping: A phantom study.

Hirohito Kan1, Yuto Uchida2, Nobuyuki Arai3

  • 1Radiological and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20, Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan; Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) shows less temperature dependence than R2* relaxometry for iron quantification. This suggests QSM is more suitable for accurate magnetic resonance-based iron measurements, especially in temperature-sensitive applications.

Keywords:
Iron quantificationQuantitative susceptibility mappingR2* relaxometryTemperature dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of iron concentration using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for various clinical applications.
  • Temperature variations can affect the accuracy of MRI-based susceptibility measurements, potentially impacting iron quantification.
  • Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and R2* relaxometry are common techniques for estimating iron content, but their temperature dependence is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and clarify the temperature dependence of susceptibility estimated by Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) analysis.
  • To compare the temperature sensitivity of QSM with R2* relaxometry for superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle quantification.
  • To determine the suitability of QSM for reliable magnetic resonance-based iron quantification across different temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • A cylinder phantom containing six solutions with varying concentrations of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles was used.
  • The phantom's temperature was adjusted from 25.8 °C to 42.5 °C using circulating water.
  • Three-dimensional multiple spoiled gradient-echo sequences were employed for R2* and QSM analyses at different temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Significant inverse correlations were observed between temperature, susceptibility, and R2* values across all SPIO concentrations, consistent with Curie's law.
  • Susceptibility and R2* values showed significant correlations at all temperatures, but the slopes of regression lines increased with temperature.
  • The percentage of difference per Celsius degree was lower for susceptibility (QSM) compared to R2* relaxometry, indicating less temperature dependence for QSM.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) analysis demonstrates a lower temperature dependence compared to R2* relaxometry for iron quantification.
  • The strong linearities between SPIO concentration and temperature coefficients (χ-Tc, R2*-Tc) highlight the reliability of these metrics.
  • QSM is likely a more suitable method than R2* relaxometry for accurate magnetic resonance-based iron quantification, especially in temperature-sensitive environments.