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Yageng Li1, Holger Jahr2, Jie Zhou1

  • 1Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628 CD, Netherlands.

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Summary

Additively manufactured biodegradable porous metals offer customizable bone implants for orthopedic surgery. Their design optimizes mechanical properties, biodegradation, and bone regeneration, addressing challenges in treating large bony defects.

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingBiocompatibilityBiodegradationMechanical propertyMetalScaffold

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Large bony defects pose significant challenges in orthopedic surgery due to a lack of ideal bone substitutes.
  • Additively manufactured (AM) biodegradable porous metals represent a promising advancement for bone implant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of AM biodegradable porous metals for orthopedic applications.
  • To analyze the impact of material type, processing, geometrical design, and post-treatments on implant performance.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions for optimizing these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on AM biodegradable porous metals (Mg, Fe, Zn, and alloys).
  • Analysis of factors influencing mechanical properties, biodegradation, biocompatibility, and bone regeneration.
  • Evaluation of geometrical design's role in tailoring implant characteristics.

Main Results:

  • AM biodegradable porous metals offer tunable multi-scale geometry, mimicking bone structure and properties.
  • Interconnected porous structures enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and bony ingrowth.
  • Geometrical design flexibility allows control over biodegradation for optimal healing and eventual disappearance.

Conclusions:

  • AM biodegradable porous metals show significant potential as ideal bone implants due to their customizable nature.
  • Further research is needed to fully exploit geometrical design flexibility for enhanced performance.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps is crucial for successful clinical adoption in orthopedic applications.