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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Understanding and Treatment Strategies with the NEC-on-a-Chip Model
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Challenges in diagnosing necrotizing enterocolitis.

Jae H Kim1, Venkatesh Sampath2, Jennifer Canvasser3

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. jae.kim@cchmc.org.

Pediatric Research
|August 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is challenging. New biomarkers and imaging like bowel ultrasound may improve early detection and management of this serious infant condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Biomarker discovery

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) presents diagnostic challenges due to varied causes and presentations.
  • Current diagnostic criteria, like the modified Bell staging, are outdated and require improvement.
  • Distinguishing NEC from other severe bowel injuries is critical for appropriate patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for improved diagnostic accuracy in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
  • To explore emerging methods for predicting and diagnosing NEC in preterm infants.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrating new diagnostic tools into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging literature on NEC diagnosis.
  • Exploration of genetic susceptibility and stool microbiota signatures as potential biomarkers.
  • Assessment of bowel ultrasound as a diagnostic aid.
  • Consideration of patient and family perspectives in diagnostic method adoption.

Main Results:

  • Genetic and microbial factors show promise in identifying infants at high risk for NEC.
  • Multi-omic approaches are being investigated for NEC biomarker characterization.
  • Bowel ultrasound demonstrates potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy but faces slow adoption.

Conclusions:

  • Augmenting or replacing current NEC staging criteria is essential for better management.
  • Biomarker discovery through omics approaches may enable prediction and early diagnosis of NEC.
  • Integrating advanced diagnostic methods, including bowel ultrasound and patient feedback, is crucial for improving NEC care.