Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

3.8K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
3.8K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

38.9K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
38.9K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.0K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.0K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.9K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.9K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

7.2K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
7.2K
Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients01:14

Extraction: Partition and Distribution Coefficients

4.3K
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
For extracting a solute from an aqueous phase into an...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticle intercalated carbon nanotubes for a nanomagnetic ultrasensitive sensor of Cr-VI in water.

AIP advances·2026
Same author

Magnetic phase transitions and spin density distribution in the molecular multiferroic system GaV<sub>4</sub>S<sub>8</sub>.

Physical review. B·2026
Same author

Radiation-Grafted Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Anhydrous Fuel Cell Operation.

ACS polymers Au·2026
Same author

The Structure and Morphology of Single-Component Oligomeric RNA Delivery Vectors Derived from Amphiphilic Charge-Altering Releasable Transporters.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Cyclic Macromolecular Chains Visualized by Cryo-EM and AFM Reveal a Ring Expansion Polymerization Mechanism in a Classical Synthetic Pathway to Polyphosphazenes.

ACS macro letters·2025
Same author

Dynamics of amphiphilic PEG-PDMS-PEG triblock copolymer assemblies.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same journal

Topology-Preserving Elastic Deformation Augmentation Enables Robust Defect Detection in Data-Scarce Industrial Imagery.

ACS macro letters·2026
Same journal

Flexible Porous Organic Polymers with α,β-Enone-Linkage via AlCl<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Polymerization for Pd Recovery.

ACS macro letters·2026
Same journal

Light-Controlled Topology Switching Enables Continuous Modulation of Thermally Induced Phase Behavior in Polymer Solutions.

ACS macro letters·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Light-Induced Transformation from Covalent to Supramolecular Polymer Networks".

ACS macro letters·2026
Same journal

Mechanically Gated Generation of a 3<i>H</i>-Anthra[2,1-<i>b</i>]pyran Photoswitch Enabling Multicolor Switching.

ACS macro letters·2026
Same journal

CRISPR-Based Programmable RNA-Responsive Protein Materials.

ACS macro letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.1K

Lower Critical Solution Temperature in Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates.

Samim Ali1, Markus Bleuel2,3, Vivek M Prabhu1

  • 1Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|August 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A model polyelectrolyte complex shows phase separation with heating, a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phenomenon. Salt concentration influences this LCST behavior by affecting polymer concentration and hydration.

More Related Videos

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.1K
Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

19.1K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

4.1K
Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Solution Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyelectrolyte complexes are formed by oppositely charged polymers.
  • Phase separation in polymer solutions can exhibit complex temperature dependence.
  • Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) behavior is observed in specific polymer systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase separation behavior of a model linear oppositely charged polyelectrolyte complex.
  • To understand the influence of salt concentration on the LCST behavior.
  • To explore the role of hydration and electrostatic interactions in the phase separation process.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of phase separation upon heating.
  • Systematic variation of monovalent salt concentration (Cs).
  • Analysis of polymer concentration (Cp) in the polymer-rich phase.
  • Assessment of hydration extent in relation to temperature and salt concentration.

Main Results:

  • The polyelectrolyte complex exhibits LCST behavior, with phase separation upon heating.
  • Increasing salt concentration narrows the LCST coexistence curves and reduces polymer concentration in the polymer-rich phase.
  • The polymer-rich phase shows decreased hydration with increasing temperature, while salt addition enhances hydration.
  • A minimum in the phase diagram (apparent critical temperature) is observed only within a specific range of salt concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates LCST behavior in a model polyelectrolyte complex, influenced by salt concentration.
  • Hydration and electrostatic interactions, including the Bjerrum length, play crucial roles in the observed phase separation.
  • Mean field theory provides a framework, but solvation effects and the temperature dependence of interaction parameters are also critical for a complete understanding.