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Capping placenta. A new etiologic factor in midtrimester bleeding.

P Defoort1, M Thiery

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, University of Gent, Belgium.

Zeitschrift Fur Geburtshilfe Und Perinatologie
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
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Second-trimester bleeding, though rare, significantly impacts fetal outcomes. Echographic evaluation identified placental anomalies, including a unique "capping placenta," as key contributing factors.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Fetal Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Second-trimester bleeding is an uncommon obstetric complication, occurring in 0.8% of pregnancies.
  • It is associated with severe adverse fetal outcomes, including late abortion, preterm intra-uterine demise, preterm birth, and neurologic sequelae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the causal factors of second-trimester bleeding using echography.
  • To investigate the association between placental abnormalities and bleeding during the second trimester of pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • An echographic (ultrasound) study was conducted on 63 consecutive cases of second-trimester bleeding.
  • Placental structure, localization, and associated bleeding were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Placental structural anomalies were observed in 8% of cases, and marginal placental separation in another 8%.
  • Retro-amniotic bleeding occurred in 6%, and placenta previa in 3% of cases.
  • A unique placental localization, termed "capping placenta," was found in 27% of bleeding cases, compared to 2.6% in normal pregnancies.

Conclusions:

  • Echography is crucial for diagnosing the causes of second-trimester bleeding.
  • Placental abnormalities, particularly the "capping placenta," are significant contributors to second-trimester hemorrhage and adverse fetal outcomes.