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Periconceptional use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, could decrease the risk of CHD in offspring.

Anda Zhao1, Kena Zhao1, Yuanqing Xia1

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Maternal vitamin D supplementation, including from cod liver oil, may reduce the risk of severe congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Vitamin D also enhances folic acid

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal nutrition
  • Maternal health
  • Congenital heart defects (CHD) research

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHD) represent a significant global health concern.
  • Periconceptional nutrition plays a crucial role in fetal development.
  • The role of vitamin D in preventing CHD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between periconceptional vitamin D supplementation and the risk of severe CHD in offspring.
  • To examine the potential interaction between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation in mitigating CHD risk.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 262 severe CHD cases and 262 controls recruited from Shanghai Children's Medical Center (June 2016 - December 2017).
  • Participants were children younger than 2 years.
  • Propensity score matching was employed to minimize bias and confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a reduced odds ratio for severe CHD (OR = 0.666; 95% CI: 0.449-0.990) after propensity score matching.
  • An additive interaction was observed between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation (RERI = 0.810; 95% CI: 0.386-1.235).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal vitamin D supplementation during the periconceptional period may decrease the risk of severe CHD in offspring.
  • Vitamin D supplementation appears to enhance the protective effects of folic acid against CHD.
  • This study provides epidemiological evidence supporting vitamin D as a potential nutritional intervention for preventing CHD.