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Chronic stress, executive functioning, and real-life self-control: An experience sampling study.

Max Wolff1,2, Sören Enge1,3, Anja Kräplin1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

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Summary

Chronic stress weakens self-control by reducing cognitive control for early desire regulation, but doesn't affect late resistance. This helps explain why executive functioning tests don't always predict real-life self-control.

Keywords:
chronic stresscognitive controlexecutive functioningself-control

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Chronic stress is prevalent and impacts daily functioning.
  • Self-control is crucial for goal attainment and well-being.
  • Executive functioning (EF) is linked to self-control, but this relationship is inconsistent in real-world settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how chronic stress affects the relationship between general executive functioning (GEF) and real-life self-control.
  • To test the hypothesis that chronic stress impairs cognitive control use in self-regulation.

Main Methods:

  • 338 young adults completed 7-day experience sampling of real-life self-control.
  • A latent variable for individual differences in GEF was derived from nine executive function tasks.
  • Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • Higher chronic stress was associated with stronger desires.
  • Chronic stress weakened the negative relationship between GEF and desire strength.
  • Neither chronic stress nor GEF predicted desire enactment during attempted resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic stress may impair self-control by hindering early, proactive desire regulation strategies.
  • Late, reactive resistance strategies appear unaffected by chronic stress.
  • Chronic stress may moderate the link between EF and real-life self-control, explaining inconsistent findings.