Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock
Published on: November 3, 2023
Retraction notice to "Influence of hypertonic volume replacement on the microcirculation in cardiac surgery" [Br J
J Boldt1, B Zickmann1, C Herold1
1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-6300 Giessen, Germany.
Abstract:
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief, Professor Hugh Hemmings, based on the recommendations of Justus-Liebig-University Giessen following an internal review of research conducted by Joachim Boldt at the University. This is further described in 'Further Retractions of Articles by Joachim Boldt', https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.024.
Related Concept Videos
Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management
Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management
Regulation of Stroke Volume
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management

