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Common genetic variants influence sleep duration and cognitive function. A higher polygenic score for sleep duration correlated with longer sleep and better cognitive performance, particularly in younger individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Age-related sleep changes, including reduced duration and increased sleep disorders, are linked to neurodegeneration.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of sleep duration is crucial for cognitive health research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic variants associated with self-reported sleep duration.
  • To investigate the relationship between these genetic variants and cognitive performance across different domains.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a polygenic score (PS) for sleep duration derived from GWAS data in a European ancestry cohort.
  • Assessed sleep function and neuropsychological performance in 197 cognitively healthy participants (aged 20-80).
  • Employed multivariate linear models, controlling for age, sex, and education.

Main Results:

  • A higher sleep duration PS was associated with longer sleep duration.
  • The sleep duration PS correlated with better global cognition, fluid reasoning, processing speed, and language abilities.
  • Cognitive benefits were most pronounced in younger participants, particularly for fluid reasoning, language, and global cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Replicated the association between sleep PS and sleep duration.
  • Demonstrated a significant link between sleep PS and cognitive function.
  • Suggests that common genetic variants play a role in mediating the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive health.