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A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay
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Innovative engineering and sensing strategies for aptamer-based small-molecule detection.

Obtin Alkhamis1, Juan Canoura1, Haixiang Yu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA, 33199.

Trends in Analytical Chemistry : TRAC
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores streamlined methods for developing high-performance aptamer sensors for small-molecule detection, addressing challenges in generalized platforms and assay sensitivity for diagnostics and environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
Aptameraptamer engineeringbiosensorcooperativitydetectiondye-displacementenzyme-assisted target recyclingexonucleasesensorsmall molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aptamers are nucleic acid affinity reagents widely used for detecting various targets.
  • Aptamer-based sensing has advanced significantly, but small-molecule detection faces challenges.
  • Current limitations include complex platform development and low assay sensitivity for small molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel approaches for streamlined development of high-performance aptamer-based sensors.
  • To address the demand for improved small-molecule detection in diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensics.
  • To provide historical context, current state-of-the-art, and future directions in aptamer sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of new aptamer engineering methods.
  • Exploration of cooperative binding strategies.
  • Focus on label-free approaches with high-affinity aptamers.

Main Results:

  • Identification of new strategies to overcome limitations in small-molecule aptamer sensing.
  • Emphasis on methods that enhance sensitivity and simplify platform development.
  • Highlighting the potential of fully-folded, high-affinity aptamers for label-free detection.

Conclusions:

  • Streamlined development of high-performance aptamer sensors is achievable.
  • New engineering methods, cooperative binding, and label-free approaches are key future directions.
  • Advances will significantly impact diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and forensics.