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The Gender Pension Gap in China.

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Women in China face significant labor market disadvantages, driving a substantial gender pension gap. These disparities result in older women receiving considerably less in social pensions compared to men.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Economics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • China exhibits a pronounced gender gap in labor force participation, employment sectors, and earnings.
  • A significant gender pension gap exists, with women aged 60+ receiving approximately half the social pension amount of men.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary drivers of the gender pension gap in China.
  • To quantify the contributions of occupational pension receipt and benefit levels to the pension gap.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2013 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the 2014 CHARLS Life History Survey.
  • Employed statistical analysis to examine factors influencing pension disparities between genders.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 75% of the pension deficit for women is attributed to their lower probability of receiving occupational pensions.
  • An additional one-third of the gap stems from lower benefit amounts for women when they do receive pensions.
  • Education level and employment sector explain the gender deficit in occupational pension receipt.
  • Among pension recipients, fewer years of employment and lower salaries account for nearly one-third of the gender benefit gap.

Conclusions:

  • Labor market disadvantages for women are the principal cause of the gender pension gap in China.
  • Addressing gender disparities in occupational pension access and benefit levels is crucial for reducing the pension gap.