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Related Concept Videos

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Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
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Opto-thermoelectric microswimmers.

Xiaolei Peng1, Zhihan Chen1, Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara2

  • 1Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA.

Light, Science & Applications
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed opto-thermoelectric microswimmers inspired by E. coli. These microswimmers use light to generate heat, creating an electric field for propulsion and controlled navigation.

Keywords:
Applied opticsOptical manipulation and tweezersOptical physics

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Active matter physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Escherichia coli (E. coli) exhibit "run-and-tumble" motility.
  • Janus particles offer asymmetric properties for directed motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel microswimmers mimicking biological motility.
  • To enable controlled propulsion and navigation of microswimmers using light.
  • To explore opto-thermoelectric coupling in dynamic colloidal systems.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of dielectric-Au Janus particles.
  • Utilizing asymmetric optothermal response to generate self-sustained electrical fields.
  • Employing defocused laser illumination for propulsion and focused laser beams for controlled rotation.
  • Implementing dark-field optical imaging and feedback control for automated navigation.

Main Results:

  • Janus particles propelled by optically generated temperature gradients and opto-thermoelectric fields.
  • Swimming direction found to be dependent on particle orientation.
  • Optomechanical approach successfully controlled in-plane particle rotation.
  • Automated, efficient control of microswimmer propulsion and navigation achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Opto-thermoelectric microswimmers demonstrate efficient light-driven propulsion and navigation.
  • Controlled particle orientation is key to directing microswimmer movement.
  • Potential applications in active matter studies, sensing, and drug delivery.