Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.5K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.5K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

2.6K
2.6K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

49.6K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
49.6K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.4K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
6.4K
Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

43.9K
Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
43.9K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

81.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
81.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Weakly Polar Organic Additive Inducing Capacity-Dependent Zinc Growth Transition via Indirect Solvation and Adsorption Engineering in Aqueous Electrolytes.

Small methods·2026
Same author

Kölliker's Organ Functions as a Developmental Hub in Mouse Cochlea Regulating Spiral Limbus and Tectorial Membrane Development.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

High-Power and Large-Area Anodes for Safe Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2024
Same author

β-Catenin transcriptional activity is required for establishment of inner pillar cell identity during cochlear development.

PLoS genetics·2023
Same author

SOX9 Governs Gastric Mucous Neck Cell Identity and Is Required for Injury-Induced Metaplasia.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2023
Same author

PRDM16 expression and function in mammalian cochlear development.

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Long-term Time Lapse Imaging of Mouse Cochlear Explants
10:43

Long-term Time Lapse Imaging of Mouse Cochlear Explants

Published on: November 2, 2014

9.9K

Mesenchymal ETV transcription factors regulate cochlear length.

Michael Ebeid1, Sung-Ho Huh2

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.

Hearing Research
|September 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

ETV4 and ETV5 transcription factors are crucial for mammalian cochlear lengthening. These factors act downstream of FGF signaling, promoting auditory development without affecting hair cell density.

Keywords:
Cochlear developmentETV transcription FactorsFGFGene expression

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs
08:17

Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.5K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Long-term Time Lapse Imaging of Mouse Cochlear Explants
10:43

Long-term Time Lapse Imaging of Mouse Cochlear Explants

Published on: November 2, 2014

9.9K
Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs
08:17

Three-dimensional Organotypic Cultures of Vestibular and Auditory Sensory Organs

Published on: June 1, 2018

8.5K
Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve
11:27

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Published on: March 18, 2013

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Mammalian cochlear development is a complex process involving intricate morphological and molecular events.
  • Cochlear lengthening, essential for hearing, begins early in development and is regulated by various mechanisms.
  • Previous research identified FGF9 and FGF20 signaling in the periotic mesenchyme as key drivers of cochlear lengthening via auditory sensory epithelial proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ETS-domain transcription factors in mediating FGF signaling during mammalian cochlear lengthening.
  • To identify downstream targets of FGF9/FGF20 signaling involved in regulating cochlear length.

Main Methods:

  • Next-generation RNA sequencing was used to analyze gene expression in the periotic mesenchyme of Fgf9 and Fgf20 double mutant mice.
  • Conditional knockout mouse models were generated to delete Etv4 and Etv5 specifically in the periotic mesenchyme.
  • Phenotypic analysis of mutant cochleae included assessment of cochlear length, organ of Corti patterning, and hair and supporting cell density.

Main Results:

  • RNA sequencing revealed decreased expression of Etv1, Etv4, and Etv5 mRNAs in the Fgf9/Fgf20 double mutant periotic mesenchyme.
  • Deletion of both Etv4 and Etv5 in the periotic mesenchyme resulted in significantly shortened cochleae.
  • The Etv4/Etv5 deletion phenotype recapitulated that of mesenchymal Fgfr1/Fgfr2 deletion, with normal organ of Corti patterning and cell density.
  • ETV1 was found to not contribute to this process in Etv1/4/5 triple conditional mutants.

Conclusions:

  • ETV4 and ETV5 function as critical downstream effectors of mesenchymal FGF signaling in promoting mammalian cochlear lengthening.
  • These transcription factors are essential for regulating cochlear length during development, independent of sensory cell patterning.