Cellular responses to deproteinized bovine bone mineral biofunctionalized with bone-conditioned medium

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) is a common bone graft material.
• Enhancing DBBM's osteoinductive properties is crucial for improving bone regeneration outcomes.
• Bone-conditioned medium (BCM) contains bioactive factors that may enhance biomaterial performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the osteoinductive potential of BCM harvested from cortical bone chips.
• To determine if short-term BCM extraction enhances the biologic characteristics of DBBM in vitro.
• To evaluate the effect of BCM on cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on DBBM.

Main Methods:

• DBBM was coated with BCM prepared from cortical bone chips within 20 minutes or 24 hours.
• BCM was prepared using Ringer's solution (BCM-RS) or Ringer's solution with autologous serum (BCM-RS + S).
• Mesenchymal stromal ST2, pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1, and primary bone-derived cells were cultured on BCM-coated DBBM to assess adhesion, proliferation (BrdU ELISA), and osteogenic differentiation (qRT-PCR).

Main Results:

• BCM coating significantly increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on DBBM for all cell types.
• BCM prepared within 20 minutes showed greater potency than 24-hour preparations.
• BCM-RS + S demonstrated higher osteogenic induction compared to BCM-RS, and fresh bone chips combined with BCM-coated DBBM showed an additive effect.

Conclusions:

• BCM biofunctionalizes DBBM, significantly enhancing its biologic characteristics.
• Rapid BCM extraction (within 20 minutes) is effective for preparing bioactive DBBM.
• Pre-activating biomaterials with autologous BCM holds promise for treating bone defects in guided bone regeneration procedures.