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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Author Spotlight: Photo Switchable Protein Recruitment for Reversible Patterning in Artificial Cellular Systems
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Moonlighting Proteins.

Nadia Singh1, Needhi Bhalla2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA;

Annual Review of Genetics
|September 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteins can have multiple functions, challenging the old single-function idea. This review explores "moonlighting proteins" and their diverse biological roles.

Keywords:
apoptosiscancercell cycleevolutionmoonlightingpathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The traditional view of one gene encoding one protein with one function is outdated.
  • Emerging evidence shows proteins can perform multiple roles, a phenomenon termed "moonlighting".

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of moonlighting proteins.
  • To identify biological pathways where protein moonlighting is significant.
  • To integrate genetic, cell biological, and evolutionary viewpoints to understand the mechanisms and implications of protein moonlighting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of genetic data related to protein function.
  • Examination of cell biological evidence for multiple protein roles.
  • Consideration of evolutionary perspectives on protein diversification.

Main Results:

  • The single gene, single protein, single function hypothesis is no longer fully supported.
  • Moonlighting proteins exhibit diverse functions dependent on cellular or developmental context.
  • Specific biological pathways are highlighted as particularly relevant for this phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Protein moonlighting is a widespread biological reality.
  • Understanding the context-dependent functions of proteins is crucial.
  • A multi-disciplinary approach is essential for comprehending the "how, when, and why" of protein moonlighting.