Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 10, 2025
Author Spotlight: Assessing Surgical Frailty with Point-of-Care Ultrasound of Quadriceps Muscles
Published on: July 26, 2024
Sarcopenia and Frailty in Chronic Liver Damage: Common and Different Points
Hiroki Nishikawa1,2, Kazunori Yoh3, Hirayuki Enomoto3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan nishikawa_6392_0207@yahoo.co.jp.
Aim:
To elucidate the common and different points between sarcopenia and frailty in chronic liver damage (CLD).
Patients And Methods:
Patients with both grip strength decline and skeletal muscle index decline were regarded as sarcopenia. Frailty was defined as a syndrome in which 3 or more of the following criteria were met: i) exhaustion, ii) body weight loss, iii) slow walking speed, iv) muscle weakness, and v) low physical activity.
Results:
Sarcopenia and frailty were identified in 52 patients (15.2%) and 46 (13.5%), respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty was well stratified according to age and the liver cirrhosis (LC) status. In the multivariate analysis, we identified significant factors for sarcopenia: i) age, ii) LC, iii) body mass index and iv) extracellular water (ECW) to total body water (TBW) ratio, while only the ECW to TBW ratio was significant for frailty.
Conclusion:
Sarcopenia and frailty in CLD should be separately evaluated.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
01:26Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow
01:25Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
01:29Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
01:30Liver Physiology
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...