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A THz transparent 3D printed microfluidic cell for small angle x-ray scattering.

S Schewa1, M A Schroer2, T Zickmantel3

  • 1University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 3, 2020
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Summary

We developed a 3D-printable microfluidic cell for studying protein dynamics using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and terahertz (THz) radiation. This enables investigation of protein movements in aqueous solutions without restricting motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proteins exhibit functionally relevant domain movements when excited by terahertz (THz) frequencies.
  • Studying these movements in aqueous environments is crucial as it preserves proteins' natural motional degrees of freedom.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a key technique for analyzing protein structure and dynamics in solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel microfluidic cell designed for simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and terahertz (THz) radiation experiments.
  • To optimize cell dimensions and material for compatibility with both SAXS and THz radiation.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the 3D-printable cell for studying protein dynamics in solution.

Main Methods:

  • Development and 3D printing of a microfluidic cell using polystyrene.
  • Optimization of cell material and dimensions for transparency to THz radiation and suitability for SAXS.
  • SAXS measurements were performed on proteins in solution using the developed microfluidic cell.

Main Results:

  • The microfluidic cell is transparent to THz radiation and suitable for SAXS measurements.
  • The polystyrene cell is easily assembled and can be 3D printed.
  • The design was successfully demonstrated for SAXS measurements on multiple proteins in solution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic cell provides a practical platform for investigating THz-induced protein dynamics using SAXS.
  • This technology allows for the study of protein movements in a near-native aqueous environment.
  • The 3D-printable nature of the cell offers accessibility and ease of use for researchers.