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Lumpy skin disease epidemiological report IV: data collection and analysis.

, Paolo Calistri, Kris De Clercq

EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority

|September 3, 2020

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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination campaigns prevented outbreaks in Southeastern Europe. Continued surveillance and research into insect transmission are crucial for controlling LSD, especially with its re-emergence in some regions.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Epidemiology
Infectious Disease Control
Animal Health

Background:

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks occurred in Turkey, Russia, and Eastern Asia in 2019, while Southeastern Europe remained free due to mass vaccination.
Mass vaccination campaigns using homologous LSD vaccine have been ongoing for four years, protecting over 1.8 million cattle in Southeastern Europe.
LSD re-emerged in Israel in 2019 following a shift to voluntary vaccination, highlighting the risk of reduced protection when the virus is circulating.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the effectiveness of ongoing lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccination programs.
To recommend surveillance strategies for early detection and disease freedom.
To identify research priorities for understanding and controlling LSD transmission.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

diagnostic test lumpy skin disease mathematical model spread surveillance vaccine

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Analysis of LSD outbreak data and vaccination coverage in Southeastern Europe and affected regions.
Review of surveillance strategies, including passive and active surveillance (clinical examination, serological testing via ELISA).
Evaluation of vaccine side effects (milk production reduction) and identification of research needs for vector-borne transmission.

Main Results:

Southeastern Europe reported no LSD outbreaks in 2019, attributed to a successful regional vaccination campaign.
LSD outbreaks were noted in Turkey, Russia, China, Bangladesh, and India, underscoring the virus's continued spread.
Temporary milk production reduction (6-8 kg/cow) was observed post-vaccination with a live-attenuated homologous LSD vaccine in Israel.

Conclusions:

Continued use of homologous LSD vaccine is recommended in affected countries to eliminate the virus.
Active surveillance, particularly during warmer months, and serological testing are vital for early detection and confirming disease freedom.
Further research into insect vector transmission dynamics, including vector abundance and virus inactivation, is essential for comprehensive LSD control.