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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Neonatal meningitis: a multicenter study in Lima, Peru.

Daniel Guillén-Pinto1,2, Bárbara Málaga-Espinoza1, Joselyn Ye-Tay1

  • 1Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.

Revista Peruana De Medicina Experimental Y Salud Publica
|September 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal meningitis occurred at 1.4 cases per 1000 live births in Lima. Key pathogens included Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, with significant cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Neonatal meningitis is a serious infection in newborns.
  • Understanding its incidence and characteristics is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of neonatal meningitis in Lima hospitals.
  • To describe clinical, bacteriological, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features.
  • To identify associated maternal and neonatal factors.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, multicenter study.
  • Epidemiological surveillance over one year in six Lima hospitals.
  • Inclusion of 53 confirmed neonatal meningitis cases.

Main Results:

  • Hospital incidence was 1.4 cases per 1000 live births.
  • Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were the most frequent pathogens.
  • CSF analysis revealed pleocytosis without polymorphonuclear lymphocyte predominance, hypoglycorrhagia, and proteinorrhagia.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal meningitis incidence is 1.4 per 1000 live births, significantly higher in preterm infants.
  • Clinical presentation varied between early (respiratory distress) and late (fever, irritability) stages.
  • Common neurological complications included ventriculitis and hydrocephalus.