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The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the critical link between prison health and public health. Overcrowding in correctional facilities hinders social isolation, potentially worsening inmate mental health and disease spread.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant global health challenges.
  • Prisons, often overcrowded, face unique difficulties in implementing public health measures like social isolation.
  • Incarcerated populations are vulnerable due to poor sanitation, hygiene, and healthcare access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a narrative review of the pandemic's effects on prisons.
  • To examine governmental and civil society responses to mitigate disease consequences in correctional facilities.
  • To analyze the specific reactions of the Brazilian Penal System to the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on prison health and pandemics.
  • Comparative analysis of international prison management strategies during COVID-19.
  • Case study of the Brazilian Penal System's pandemic response.

Main Results:

  • Overcrowding complicates social isolation, potentially leading to overisolation and negative mental health outcomes.
  • Inadequate hygiene and sanitation exacerbate disease transmission risks in prisons.
  • Varying national and civil society strategies were employed to manage the pandemic within correctional settings.

Conclusions:

  • Prison health is integral to overall public health, necessitating tailored pandemic strategies.
  • Effective pandemic response in prisons requires addressing overcrowding, sanitation, and healthcare access.
  • International and national approaches reveal diverse methods for mitigating COVID-19's impact on incarcerated individuals.