[Cardiovascular implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A literature review]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in late 2019 led to a global pandemic.
• Patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 complications and mortality.
• Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 co-infection presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of the association between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.
• To inform healthcare professionals on managing patients with both conditions.
• To highlight current controversies and evidence regarding treatments.

Main Methods:

• A literature search was conducted across major databases: Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library.
• The search focused on studies examining the relationship between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.
• The review synthesizes existing evidence to guide clinical practice.

Main Results:

• Patients with CVD are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience worse outcomes.
• Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients remains controversial but lacks evidence for discontinuation.
• Hydroxychloroquine, with or without azithromycin, shows increased risk without proven clinical benefit or mortality reduction.
• Heart failure patients with COVID-19 pose diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms.
• Management of acute coronary syndrome during the pandemic is based on expert opinion.

Conclusions:

• Cardiovascular disease is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
• Current evidence suggests caution with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, while ACE inhibitors/ARBs may be continued.
• Further research is needed to address numerous controversial aspects of managing COVID-19 in cardiovascular patients.